How to Improve Systems Development through Optimization Essay

The most effective method to Improve Systems Development through Optimization - Essay Example What's more, the examination shows that the data frameworks improvement is an incredibly information concentrated procedure that requires the incorporation of specific partner skill and information (Tiwana, 2006; McSweeney, 2010; Hagerup, 2010). This paper endeavors to respond to the inquiry: what do data innovation chiefs need to think about how to improve the frameworks advancement process through joint streamlining? In this situation, this a nitty gritty research will be led to examine a wide assortment of perspectives, for example, IT manager’s abilities and mastery that need to improved for dealing with the IT anticipates advancement. This paper additionally shows how IT directors can improve the frameworks advancement process through joint enhancement? A determined proclamation about data innovation (IT) is that â€Å"IT has no inborn value†. As such, having IT resources doesn't permit an association to accomplish a serious edge over different associations, or to improve business forms or to decrease uses. Then again, IT assumes a positive job just when corporate partners direct data innovation the correct way to offer business esteem. ... In this situation, senior supervisors require to be worried about data innovation (IT); the merger of programming, equipment, individuals, information and procedures, for the explanation that: The total level of the financial plan spent on data innovation must be dealt with cautiously so as to guarantee business esteem (Lacity, 2012; Grudin, 1991). Also, a great deal of studies uncovered that when business directors are engaged with IT, it encourages them manufacture various strategies, similar to that achieving a serious advantage, improving and modernizing business forms, growing their business to worldwide markets and in any event, starting new organizations. In any case, it is likewise the obligation of ranking directors to be acquainted with how IT upgrades can change industry courses of action, similar to that impact of data innovation on the particular business. In this situation, numerous specialists have contended that when business supervisors are not worried in IT advancem ent activities and structure, such undertakings and frameworks improvements come up short, subsequently a ton of venture is squandered, or even, organizations totally fall flat due to severely oversaw IT anticipates (Lacity, 2012; Grudin, 1991). Besides, the data innovation and IT anticipates the executives information and aptitudes can offer a capacity to use IT assets (like that productivity of utilizations like on-line assets, word processors or PC introduction frameworks) effectively and ably. Be that as it may, IT anticipates chiefs ought to have the option to develop their insight, abilities, and duties in utilizing data innovation, perceiving the capacity and impact of data innovation just as actualizing

Rhetorical and Visual Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Expository and Visual Analysis - Essay Example This idea has been trailed by about all circles regardless of pertinence of female models to the items or administrations being offered or sold. As a result, one may observer the nearness of females in ads of vehicles or counts on customary premise; the requirement for which can't be clarified coherently. The pattern turns out to be increasingly malicious for the female sex, when their sexuality is misused to pull in the male watchers to persuade them into purchasing an item or administration. This training truly transforms the living female models into objects which are then seen as identical to consumables or disposables, along these lines making issues for the females, all things considered (Ross and Byerly 51). This ad uses tenderness as its focal component to abuse feelings of its watchers to advance an item. Investigating the above promotion, one can unmistakably get the possibility that Burger King is selling its new greater burger in the market now. The cost is composed on the lower side and the logo on upper right part of the ad. Evidently, this is a basic method of advancing an item that is new in the market. Be that as it may, the depiction of a lady with a demeanor of awe all over, her lips secured with a profound shade of lipstick and face covered under layers of cosmetics with her look fixed at the item that is available on the correct side of the ad directly in the front of her face brings up issues in regards to the concealed message that this commercial conveys to the watchers. What is the article at which this model is gazing? Is it just a seven inch long, thick, dribbling with white smooth mayonnaise burger before her face; that has made her bewildered to the degree of juttin g her eyes out of their attachments? The response to every one of these inquiries is given in the line that underlines the pictorial

Food Inc Essay Example for Free

Food Inc Essay The film makes some great focuses. The best point is that financed corn falsely brings down the expense of creature feed and high-fructose corn syrup. This makes an expense sponsored financial motivation for individuals to pick cheap food over nutritious choices. Rejecting ranch sponsorships including corn would be a good thought (that the film doesnt propose). It has a decent portion about how Monsanto is utilizing protected innovation law to unjustifiably make a US soybean restraining infrastructure, suing ranchers who never purchased Monsanto seed and compelling them to cede due to the sheer weight of legitimate bills. However, the film drops into emotionalism. For instance, it takes a miserable instance of a child named Kevin who kicked the bucket of E Coli harming subsequent to eating a burger. It follows the industrys reaction which is to utilize alkali to ensure that basically no E Coli endures and reprimands its answer while playing inauspicious music out of sight alongside unanswered cries of anguish from Kevins mother. It neglects to make reference to that (1) all E Coli bites the dust when meat is cooked appropriately (2) utilizing smelling salts to murder E Coli is a brilliant thought that is exceptionally successful (3) the food with the most serious danger of E Coli harming is natural spinach. It doesnt notice how the inexpensive food industry dispensed with the utilization of hydrogenated vegetable oil, totally disposing of trans fat from cheap food. It has a scene looking at the assets utilized by an unfenced dairy animals rancher who has around 20 bovines versus a mechanical slaughterhouse that forms thousands neglecting to make reference to that if the free roaming rancher created cows on a similar scale he would utilize 4x to 10x the assets for a similar yield. The film takes a less than ideal position against hereditarily adjusted food (google Norman Borlaugh). It makes a few reckless contentions (like contending that our modernly created food is tainted and asset escalated and that we should pay more to eat natural which is in reality substantially more asset concentrated and bound to be polluted by microscopic organisms as a result of the utilization of crap as manure rather than nitrates). The film makes some fascinating focuses. Yet, the entire enormous business terrible thing is a totally futile demeanor that is a steady wellspring of disturbance to me by and by. Individuals and organizations have, do, will, and should act in their own eventual benefits. The inquiry is which arrangements ought to be made to boost savvy results? Concerning, the issue isnt underhanded huge business, its that the US should change its legitimate framework to act like the UKs where in the event that you sue somebody and lose, at that point you need to pay their lawful expenses. That would forestall Monsantos maltreatment of IP law (and would achieve tort change in clinical misbehavior).

Marigold HR Plan Essay Example

Marigold HR Plan Essay Ans. 1 HR Planning and Recruitment Planning for Marigold HR arranging (Management Study Guide 2012) HR arranging which is likewise alluded to as labor arranging incorporates putting the correct number and right sort of individuals at the ideal spot and time, doing the correct things as reasonable to accomplish hierarchical objectives. It must be done in frameworks approach and can be done by a lot of systems which are as per the following: 1 . Investigating the present labor: 2. Making future labor figures: 3. Creating work programs 4. Configuration preparing programs We will utilize the previously mentioned steps to show up at an arrangement for Marigold. Investigating the present labor: Marigold has 75 senior administration and 425 center and Junior administrators bringing about a business group of 500 individuals. We would require 30 extra assets to accomplish the objective of 5% expansion on income in both cleanser and cleanser division individually. For this the accompanying thi ngs are examined Type of association: Departments to be cooked: Number and amount of such offices: Employees in these work units Marigold is a FMCG organization and the deals and dispersion divisions are the most significant office on Marigold. Deals group is one of the greatest epartments as this is the group that creates income and the motor that drives Marigold as the top player in FMCG advertise. Since Marigold has a huge deals power and showing up at a Job profile and Job particulars are simple as the necessary assets that should be employed fall in a similar Job depiction. 2. Making future labor conjectures: We definitely realize we need 30 new assets 6 higher administration and 24 center or junior level administrators. The basis behind this is to accomplish a development of 5% in cleanser and cleanser segments. The conjecture can be made through the accompanying strategies ) Expert Forecasts: This incorporates casual choices, formal master overviews and Delphi procedure. b) Trend Analysis: Manpower needs can be anticipated through extrapolation (anticipating past patterns), indexation (utilizing base year as premise), and factual investigation (focal inclination measure). c) Work Load Analysis: It is needy upon the idea of remaining task at hand in an office, in a branch or in a division. d) Work Force Analysis: Whenever creation and timespan must be dissected, due remittances must be made for getting net labor necessities. ) Other etnoas: a few Matnematlcal models, witn tne ala 0T PCs are usea to conjecture labor needs, similar to spending plan and arranging investigation, relapse and new pursuit examination. We utilized remaining burden examination, pattern investigation and master estimate to show up at the necessary need of 30 assets. 3. Creating business programs Once the present stock is contrasted and future figures, the work projects can be encircled and grown in like manner, which will incorporate enlistment, choice methodology and position plans. 4. Configuration preparing programs These will be founded on degree of broadening, extension plans, improvement rograms, and so on. We will compose a custom paper test on Marigold HR Plan explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Marigold HR Plan explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Marigold HR Plan explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Preparing projects will rely on the degree of progress in innovation and headway to happen. It will likewise be done to enhance the aptitudes, abilities, information on the laborers. Enlistment arranging: Recruitment Planning is a getting ready for compelling sourcing, screening, assessing, choosing and checking for employing the suitable possibility for fitting Jobs. As per Edwin B. Flippo, Recruitment is the way toward looking the possibility for work and invigorating them to go after Positions in the association. The Process incorporates five phases:- Planning. ?System Development. Looking through Screening Evaluation and control. Necessity plan for deals official: Plan of execution for enlistment: First week make a database for enrolling the competitors by inside source and outer source. Second week channel the competitor by checking their resume and call the chose possibility for first round for meet, additionally the applicants job in the association is clarified as what is nor mal out of them. In the third week the chose up-and-comers from second week are called and required quantities of competitors are chosen according to necessity. In the last week chose competitors are called for acceptance program where their objectives are given. The competitors who are 95 % meeting the prerequisites we can keep them in support applicants list concerning Manpower Plan. Necessity plan for team lead: The Requirement plan for supervisor would be not quite the same as the business official, as tnls post requlres tne experlence just as tne Knowledge 0T organization Tor flexibility of authoritative culture. The Plan would be: 1. Interior Job Posting 2. Move 3. Inward Referrals 4. Execution screening 5. Meeting and choice 6. Poaching tne well This would help in getting the supervisor level situation as well as the group that accompanies the director. So as to accomplish the business focus of 5 % more from the pieces of the overall industry it isn't going be a simple Job. The enlistment procedure will play a significant in choosing whether those fgures will be attainable. Ans. 2 Appropriate wellsprings of enlisting up-and-comers: There are two sorts of enrollment: Internal Recruitment. Outer enrollment. Wellsprings of Recruiting Source: naukrihub. om (2012) Internal Recrultment: Internal enlistment is an enrollment which happens inside the worry or association. Inside wellsprings of enrollment are promptly accessible to an association. Inner Sources of Recruiting: Transfers: The representatives are moved starting with one division then onto the next as indicated by their productivity and experience. Advancements: The workers are elevated starting with one office then onto the next wi th more advantages and more prominent obligation dependent on their productivity and experience. Updating and Demotion: Upgrading and downgrading present representatives to sequential levels bases on their presentation. Perished/Disabled workers: The Dependents and family members of expired representatives and impaired workers are lso done by numerous organizations for the improvement of the relative families. Points of interest of inward enrollment: Gives existing workers more prominent chance to propel their vocations in the business. May assist with holding staff that may some way or another leave. Requires a short enlistment preparing period. Generally faster and more affordable than enrolling from outside. Burdens of inner enlistment: Limits the quantity of potential candidates for a Job. Outer competitors may be more qualified/qualified for the Job. Another opportunity will be made that must be filled. Existing staff may feel they have the programmed option to be advanced, regardless of whether they are skilled. Outer Recruitment: External wellsprings of enlistment must be requested from outside the association. Outer sources are outside to a worry. Be that as it may, it includes parcel of time and cash. Outside Sources of Recruiting: Press notice: Advertisements of the opening in papers and Journals are a broadly utilized wellspring of enrollment. The primary favorable position of this technique is that it has a wide reach. Instructive foundations: Various administration organizations are a decent wellspring of enlisting very much qualified xecutives, and staffs and so forth. They give offices to grounds meetings and arrangements. This source is known as Campus Recruitment. Situation organizations: Several private consultancy firms perform enlistment works in the interest of customer organizations by charging an expense. These offices are especially appropriate for enlistment of officials and authorities. It is otherwise called RPO (Recruitment Process Outsourcing). Work trade: ernment esta Dllsnes puDllc business excnanges tnrougnout tne nation. These trades give Job data to Job searchers and help bosses in distinguishing reasonable competitors. Work contractual workers: Manual specialists can be enlisted through temporary workers who keep up close contacts with the wellspring of such laborers. This source is utilized to select work for development occupations. Spontaneous candidates: Many Job searchers visit the workplace of notable organizations all alone. Such guests are viewed as irritation to the every day work routine of the undertaking. However, can help in making the ability pool or the database of the likely contender for the association. Representative referrals/proposals: Many associations have organized framework where the present workers of the rganization can allude their companions and family members for some situation in their Recruitment at production line door: Unskilled laborers might be enlisted at the plant entryway these might be utilized at whatever point a lasting specialist is missing. Increasingly effective among these might be selected to fill changeless opportunities. Points of interest of outer enrollment: Outside individuals get new thoughts. Bigger pool of laborers from which to locate the best up-and-comer. Individuals have a more extensive scope of experience. Detriments of outer enlistment: Longer procedure. Increasingly costly procedure due to. Notices and meetings required. Choice procedure may not be powerful enough to uncover the best competitor. Ans. 3 Initial Screening Matrix Screening Matrix is a device which supplies an outline of applicants and capabilities that helps in figuring out who will continue through the last appraisal or meeting process. The Screening Matrix is utilized to: 1 . Build up objective, Job-related standards which will be reliably applied to all Applicants and which can be quantifiably estimated. 2. Specify every capability on the network. 3 Determine IT quallTlcatlons need to oe welgntea Initial Screening: Introductory sc

Research and Describe the Crime, Policy and Governance - 1375 Words

Research and Describe the Crime, Policy and Governance (Research Paper Sample) Content: Crime, Policy GovernanceName:Date of Submission:Question 1 * Criminalization and punishment refers to the process of transforming a behavior of an individual into a criminal act and then punishing the person for the act. Criminalization and punishment are mainly enhanced by the power of judges to make new laws and retrospectively criminalize behavior of different people in the society.[Marijke Malsch, "Stalking Do Criminalization And Punishment Help?" (2007) 9Punishment Society] * In the scenario and subject of criminalization and punishment, the interest of the public lies in the little space that the act leaves for privacy and freedom since the trend of criminalizing activities that people would do with the view of the freedom they have as human beings, is detrimental to the very provisions for freedom as provided by the law. * It is necessary that a policy is enacted to govern what can be considered criminal and thus deserving a designated punishment and what ca nnot suit the description of a crime and thus not worth a punishment. A policy that focuses and works out on a priori reasons in relation to criminalization and punishment and considers widely and applies facts in the world should be developed to govern the criminal law provisions. The policy should incorporate the meaning of a crime in consideration to the practices in the public and make it clear that an action that is generally accepted by the public is correctly classified as criminal activity and an appropriate punishment attached to it. The policy should take away the power and intention of the state to enforce morality on people, rather any attempt to limit the freedom of an individual should be accepted only if the intention is to limit harm that would have been caused if the said freedom was allowed. Therefore as part of the criminal law, it should be incorporated as a measure of confirmation whether the issue that is to be criminalized focuses on morality of the individual or the need to limit harm that it would have caused.[Malsch, Marijke. "Stalking Do criminalization and punishment help?."Punishment Society9, no. 2 (2007): 201-209.] [Carrington, Kerry, and Russell Hogg. "History of critical criminology in Australia."Routledge handbook of critical criminology(2012): 46-60.] [Schloenhardt, Andreas, and Hadley Hickson. "Non-Criminalization of Smuggled Migrants: Rights, Obligations, and Australian Practice under Article 5 of the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air."International Journal of Refugee Law25, no. 1 (2013): 39-64.] Question 2 * The second issue is the need to improve the environmental safety that continues to be a challenge due to the unbecoming unethical practices in the business environment.[John Braithwaite, "Meta Risk Management And Responsive Regulation For Tax System Integrity" (2003) 25Law Policy.] * Responsive regulation can deal with the issue of environmental safety since its essence is listening an d adapting in response to the rising problems that are to be fixed and to the people who are able to fix them. It is a method that would work perfectly well since responsive regulation incorporates the efforts of the regulators to those they are regulating and choosing a course of action to correct the deficiency that they are observing. The rightful body to implement this kind of regulation is the relevant government ministry in charge of consumer protection and the environmental safety provisions. Responsive regulation is important at ensuring ethical practices are upheld by different business entities and that both the environmental safety and consumer protection are guaranteed in the activities of any business entity.[LARS P. FELD and BRUNO S. FREY, "Tax Compliance As The Result Of A Psychological Tax Contract: The Role Of Incentives And Responsive Regulation" (2007) 29Law Policy.] [John Braithwaite, "Meta Risk Management And Responsive Regulation For Tax System Integrity" (20 03) 25Law Policy] Pyramid of SanctionsShaming for inactionSanctions to deterEscalated sanctionsCriminal prosecutionLoss of license to operate businessEducation and Persuasion about a problem * According to the pyramid of sanctions, as we move up the pyramid, there is involvement of more demanding interventions to an unethical practice by business corporations. When an unethical practice has been identified, the involved business organization or individual is first educated about the problem and they are asked to restrain from the practice. Only when such dialogue fails does the regulator take more punitive actions such as shaming the corporation for their inaction. The punitive actions would change in levels from warning to civil penalties and if need be, criminal penalties and ultimately implementation of capital punishment such as revoking of the operational license of the business entity.It is critical and important to note that the regulator does not take stern actions against the business organization that involves in unethical behaviors before issuing warnings and giving out an opportunity to change. When a business entity refuses to heed the warning and several punitive actions taken before finally arriving at the capital punishment of revoking the operation license, it is because of the non-compliance of the entity.Question 3 * The third issue is the need for consumer protection that has continued to be an area of concern due to negligence by production firms and inadequacy of service delivery by business corporations in a manner that is detrimental to the safety of the consumers.[KJ Harve, VS Korczak and LJ Marron (2008)] * Restorative justice could be used to solve this issue since it is a best fit mechanism that covers up for the inadequacies of methods such as punitive actions for criminal offences. According to the reintegrative shaming theory for example, societies would have lower crime rates if they communicated shame about crime effectively, there would be rampant cases of violence if violence was something to be proud about and even more heinous crimes if such criminal activities were things people could brag about. Shaming is a method of ensuring the offenders feels the burden of their actions due to the effect it has on themselves, their family members as well as the society at large.[Hinds, Lyn, "Australian And New Zealand Journal Of Criminology, The - Repair Or Revenge: Victims And Restorative Justice [Book Review] (Humanities Social Sciences Collection) - Informit" (2002) 36Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology,] According to the restorative justice theory, bad acts or ruptures in human interaction bring about needs and responsibilities for those who were directly involved in the act, as well as for the larger society in which the act occurred. Restorative justice refers to the practices such as apologies, restitution, and acknowledgment that certain arms were affli...

How to Use Direct Mail to Create a Lovable Brand

To deliver a positive, memorable impression of your brand, it pays to approach prospects across multiple channels. For many brands, particularly local brands, direct mail is a channel that can pack a powerful punch. Related: 11 best direct mail pieces to inspire your next campaign However, the key is creating a direct mail campaign that is targeted, well-planned, and out of the ordinary. How do you get there? Here are a few tips for creating a lovable brand with direct mail. Start with a plan While many people argue that direct mail is dead, it actually has a higher response rate than email, social media and paid search. Considering how often we're bombarded by emails and texts, direct mail is retro in a good way: receiving a physical letter or package is an anomaly. But still, a lot of direct mail campaigns fail, simply for lack of planning. It's imperative that you first decide what you're trying to accomplish with your campaign, as well as who (specifically) you want to reach. If you have a sales plan, you should already have some good data about your target demographic. Set specific goals for this campaign. Are you looking to drive brand awareness or boost sales of a particular product? If you're aiming for brand awareness, how will you measure that success? If you want to increase sales, what's your target revenue for this campaign? Specific goals will give you a benchmark to measure (and brag about) the campaign's success, and it will help you drive improvement based on the results. Tie goals to actions Establishing goals is only part of the planning process. You also need a way to measure them. If you're trying to sell products, how will you know which sales were attributed to the direct mail campaign? If you're aiming for brand awareness, how will you know if you get it? You could create a custom URL to include in your direct mailer, so that you can track visits and sales from it. This tells you that anyone who visits that site did so because they received the direct mail, so you can calculate your conversion and ROI. You could also instruct sales people to ask customers where they heard about you or a particular promotion. Look at your own mail Rather than recreating the wheel, get inspiration from what's in your own mailbox. Set aside flyers and mailers that stand out to you. When you're ready to design your own, use them to make a list of elements and features that you like. It can also be helpful to look at what you don't like. Maybe a flyer uses big red letters, and you think the color is overkill and off-brand. So instead, pick a color that pops out but doesn't make your brand look garish. You don't need to be a graphic designer or advertising expert to know what works. Let your intuition and observation guide you in identifying what you like and what you don't. Think outside the (mail)box Slick printed flyers are a-dime-a-dozen, and most people don't even blink when seeing them in their mailboxes. How can you really catch people's attention? Get creative. Incorporate the senses. With direct mail, you could easily find ways to hit on sight, touch or smell. If you're sending a mailer, simply switching to a matte paper or a heavy cardstock—or changing the shape to something unexpected—could be enough to get people to read your flyer. You could also make your mailer bigger; an oversized postcard has a 37% ROI. Including a scent in your direct mail can get people's attention. For example, if you sell cookies, adding a vanilla scent to your catalog will put people in the right frame of mind to order your confections. Focus on an appealing design for your direct mail. If you're sending a catalog, consider breaking the typical catalog design and come up with something innovative. For example, maybe your catalog looks more like a fancy coffee table book! Get personal The more you personalize your direct mail, the better your results will be. People like to feel like one-of-a-kind, not one-in-a-million. That may mean that you create smaller batches of direct mail based on customer demographics and preferences. Let's say you're announcing your new line of essential oils, and you have several customer segments: Young eco-minded women Mothers of small children Baby boomers Each of these groups responds to different messaging. Sending them the same direct mail won't result in as high a conversion rate as sending three separately targeted campaigns. Make it engaging Your goal with direct mail should be to lead people from the mailer to your website or location. Find innovative ways to get them there. You could include a QR code with intriguing instructions: "Scan this code to find out your spirit animal." Once they've scanned, you can introduce them to your products in a fun, interactive way. And while it's on the pricey side, a video mailer could be a great attention-getter—especially if you have a high-priced product and know you have to invest more in marketing to make a sale. Make it easy to opt out With privacy becoming a bigger issue in the marketing world, it's important to only send direct mail to people who want to get it. Not only does this save the trees, it also saves you from spending money on the wrong people. Make it easy to find a webpage or phone number recipients can use to opt out of future mailings, then respect your database's wishes. Key takeaway Direct mail can be incredibly effective if you're willing to invest thought into making it stand out from the crowd. These tips should point you in the right direction and give you the confidence to design and deliver direct mail that delights your audience. Ready to create your own direct mail designs in minutes? Check out our direct mail postcard templates.

The Illiad by Homer Homer The Ancient Inspiration

A wise man once said, â€Å"Like that star of the waning summer who beyond all stars rises bathed in the ocean stream to glitter with brilliance† (Homer 22). This is a beautiful line from Homer’s The Iliad. It is a comparison to the stars describing someone or something that stands out amongst an ordinary crowd and proves himself. This seems to fit Homer’s description perfectly. Despite the fact that his life was a mystery, Homer, â€Å"The teacher of Greece†, is legendary due to the multiple theories about his existence, his poems, and his beliefs. To begin, Homer had a very incomprehensible life that scholars have been researching for many years. One historian stated, â€Å"In the absence of documented evidence, beginning in the Renaissance, disputes arose over exactly when Homer had lived and how he had composed these works. Some scholars even suggest that a historical Homer had never existed and that The Iliad and The Odyssey had evolved over time wi th input from many unidentified poets† (Zanker 15). Although the time range of Homer’s life remains unknown, some place Homer in the 7th or 8th centuries B.C, or at a time contemporary to The Iliad. It is most commonly said that he was born in Asia Minor, but specifically Ionia or the Island of Chios. The dialect of The Iliad is considered to be Ionic. Homer’s unknown past led to many inquiries about his life and his true identity. Next, because of Homer’s puzzling background, there are many theories as to who Homer really was. OneShow MoreRelatedJacques Louis David, Andromache Mourning Hector1145 Words   |  5 PagesAndromache Mourning Hector (1783) Homeric inspiration, allusion and grandeur is no better typified than that of Jacques-Louis David’s 1783 painting Andromache Mourning Hector. David, a neoclassical artist and later influent to the latter Romantic movement, blends various elements and allusions of Homeric times to his artwork, encapsulating important Homeric textual and philosophical references. Masterfully, David engages audience with four central themes of the illiad; the rage of Achillies, Hectors deathRead MoreThe Trojan War : History Not Myth1545 Words   |  7 Pagesbattles. This battle is told to have lasted ten years, resulting in the eventual collapse of Troy, under the siege of Greek forces. Modern knowledge of the Trojan War has survived mainly through the account given in Homer’s Illiad, and while having proved to be a rich source of inspiration for other writers, artists, and even filmmakers in recent history, much speculation still exists surrounding his account. I will analyze modern inte rpretations of the Trojan War and examine both speculation and supportRead MoreThe Greek s Victory Over Persia989 Words   |  4 Pagesnot only an era, but of cultural expansion that continues to impact our modern day society. The accomplishments and endeavors of the Ancient Greeks, both visible, such as arts and architecture, as well as intellectually in areas such as philosophy, science and government continue to influence the world today. Many or none of these influential elements of Ancient Greece would have come to fruition in such a†¦. way if the Greeks had not defeated the Persians. The freedom to think and expand providedRead MoreDid the Ancient Greek Gods Exist?1234 Words   |  5 PagesDid the Ancient Greek Gods exist? The Ancient Greeks regarded their religion and mythology with much respect and loyalty. Although the Ancient Greek Gods are now seen as an explanation created by man, for natural forces and the world around us, there has been much evidence both for and against the debate that these Gods were real. The Greeks believed that the Earth was created with the birth of Gaia, or Mother Earth, from the dark void known as Chaos. It was believed that Gods were all-powerfulRead MoreAn Integral Part Of The Culture Of Ancient Greece1986 Words   |  8 Pages Polytheism was an integral part of the culture of ancient Greece. Polytheism is the belief of multiple gods.This allowed for a very diverse society in terms of belief and kept the conflicts between people of different beliefs to a minimum, although not entirely. In ancient Greece, many of the people followed one of the fourteen major gods, Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Ares, Dionysus, Hephaestus, Athena, Hermes, Demeter, Hestia, and Hera. These fourteen gods were theRead More Comparing the Struggle in Dante’s Inferno and Book VI of The Aeneid4312 Words   |  18 PagesAeneid and the Inferno are associated with history, both literally through Virgil’s poetry and metaphorically through their enduring wisdom in eyes of the pilgrim and Aeneas. For Aeneas and the pilgrim, however, religious history evolves from an ancient world of paganism to medieval Christianity and these values are transposed onto hell itself--showing that its history changes over time. Furthermore, the living realities that the pilgrim and Aeneas take into the underworld prove unstable when juxtaposed

Essay on unfinished - 996 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;At the beginning of the twentieth century, a massive wave of immigrants from the southern and eastern parts of Europe came to America in search of economic opportunities. They carried to America all the dreams and hopes of wealth. When finally reaching America, these naive immigrants faced a new struggle and learned the harsh reality of America. In Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle, he describes the life of an immigrant family from Lithuania that venture off to America in search of a better life. After their arrival and stay, they struggle to keep alive and barely meek their way through life. Sinclair’s style of describing the characters, conflicts, and ideas illustrates the struggle and heartache of†¦show more content†¦These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread and meat would go into the hopper together†¦ there were thing that went into the sausage in co mparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit (135). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sinclair also applies diction throughout his novel. He utilizes this the literary tool and aids the reader in understanding the environment surrounding the immigrant. He never gives the reader an explanation of what the immigrant has just said in his/her native tongue. He simply continues on with the story, leaving the reader as confused as the immigrant is. â€Å"Ai! Ai! Beda man!† (69). â€Å"Eik! Eik! Uzdayk-daris!† (2). â€Å"Sudiev’ kvietkeli, tu brangiausis; Sudiev’ ir laime, man biednam, matau-paskyre teip Aukszcziausis, Jog vargt ant svieto teik vienam!† (8). Sinclair never stops the story to explain to the reader what has happened, he simply moves on, without regard to the clueless reader. Sinclair’s usage of dialect became a useful tool. He provides the reader with some ear candy. He introduces words spoken to the characters as one would hear them if they were apart of the time as well. â€Å" ‘If ye have iver had onything to do wid shperrits,’ he said, and looked inquiringly as Jurgis, who kept shaking his head. ‘Niver mind, niver mind,’ continued the other, ‘but their influences may be operatin’ upon ye; it’s shure as I’m tellin’ ye, it’s themShow MoreRelatedWatergate : The Unfinished Business843 Words   |  4 Pagesprocess, it also paved way for a wave of political and democratic reforms in the US. In the wake of the scandal, diverse views were expressed through print media. This paper explores the opinions of two major print media: Editorial: â€Å"Watergate: The Unfinished Business† by the â€Å"Washington Post and in Defense of Richard Nixon† by Dean Burch to understand how the event was covered and how arguments made help readers understand the Watergate crisis. In defense of President Richard Nixon, his WhitehouseRead MoreThe Topic Of Unfinished Business Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will discuss the topic of unfinished business. I will talk about the person that I have unfinished businesses with and the reasons why I think I will need to get right with that person before he or she dies. I will explain about a happy moment I had with this person, as well as the unhappy and painful memories I am able recall. First of all, the person that means a lot to me is my mother. This person means a lot to me because she is the person that God used to bring me to this worldRead MoreUnfinished Research Paper2952 Words   |  12 PagesLyceum of the Philippines University Capitol Site, Batangas City 4200 UNEMPLOYMENT AS A PROBLEM OF NEWLY GRADUATES IN THE PHILIPPINES’ HOPITALITY INDUSTRY In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements for the course English 2: Writing in the Discipline BY: Camongol, Raleigh James Canson, Franz Julius Casanova, Julius CHAPTER I THE PROBLEMS AND ITS BACKGROUNDS Introduction The country’s education system continues to turn out college graduates whose training and skills are not attuned toRead MoreSimilarities and Differences of Lincolns and Thucydides Addresses547 Words   |  3 Pagesand the ones that are alive to give each one their recognition that they worked so hard for and strived for all of their life. This excerpt explains how he wants â€Å"his† people to try and finish the unfinished work of their descendants. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotionRead MorePower control(unfinished) Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Power and Control Poems and plays often have to deal with the theme of power and control. In Shakespeare’s â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† Capulet wields the authority. Shakespeare portrays Capulet as a patriarchal ruler who is not afraid to show his controlling side. His aggression is key aspect in the play and becomes a catalyst for the outcome of our â€Å"star crossed lovers†. I will also examine the exertion of power in the poems â€Å"My Last Duchess†, â€Å"Hawk Roosting† and â€Å"Human Interest†. Firstly, I will beginRead MoreUnfinished Cabinets Essay719 Words   |  3 PagesThe War Toward Un Finished Cabinets in Utah County Throughout the complete time of this typical day, the doorways eventually turn into discharged and shut repeatedly. Glass doors really are normal available for closets that are special. Moving back in to the specific very first location of the problem, in the event that you should be simply giving the cabinets, then afterward then you wouldnt be thought of such as a builder, so which means that your earnings adult men and individuals wont hasRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie An Unfinished Life 952 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters in the film are interdependent with each other, often times seen interfering with one another in terms of conflict resolution. This paper will analyze how the main characters cooperate to keep the conflict in motion throughout the film An Unfinished Life through the use of systematic collection of information about the dynamics of conflict resolution (Conflict Assessment, n.d.). Hocker and Wilmont explore the factors that contribute to interpersonal conflict, with attention toRead MoreJohn Dallek s An Unfinished Life3220 Words   |  13 PagesMollie McLean APUSH August 19, 2015 Period 5 Review of a Completed Biography: John Dallek’s An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy John Dallek’s authorship has intensively inquired about many presidents, evaluating their entire lives, personal and political. With his work comprising of many presidential biographies, Dallek has payed tribute to one man who consistently tops the charts of America’s Favorite President on frequent; the dearly beloved President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. 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Both of these pictures are about a ballet student who accidentally cripples a famous ballerina when she throws the switch on the onstage trap door, causing the dancer to plummet to her career-ending doom. Is she dead? She broke her leg..... For a dancer, it is worse than death In The Unfinished Dance (

Economic Decisions Paper - 685 Words

How People Make Economic Decisions Paper Eco/212 September 28, 2010 Making Economic Decisions Economic decisions made by individuals can affect the economy. The principles of individual decision-making include people being rational, economic incentives, and optimal decisions made at the margin. Trading the three economic systems are market economy, centrally planned economy, and mixed economy. Each contains their own attributes on how they contribute to an economy. The current economic system in the United States is a mixed economy. Individual Decision-making People try to be rational. â€Å"It means that economists assume that consumers and firms use all available information as they act to achieve their goals. Rational†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Opportunity cost is the highest valued alternative that must be given up to engage in an activity† (Hubbard, amp; OBrien, 2010). In some respect, it is an individual’s marginal cost versus marginal benefit. Questions such as what is to be produced, how will it be produced, who is receiving the goods need to be answered. Types of Economies These questions are answered by different kind of economies. The general population drives market economies. Goods and services are in supply as much as they are in demand unless there is some sort of constraint. Government drives centrally planned economies as they dictate how much of a product and service are produced. These economies are usually run by dictatorships or communism. Last, there is mixed economy. The United States is a mixed economy as the general population runs the market demand and supply. However, the government regulates some products and goods. Government intervention has occurred recently after the British-Petroleum oilrig exploded off the shore of Louisiana. President Obama placed a ban on any further offshore drilling sites close to the coast. â€Å"Weve placed a six-month moratorium on drilling new deepwater oil and gas wells in the Outer Continental Shelf† (Obama, 2010). This may raise costs in oil products in the future becau se of a shorter supply. Summary Economic decisions come with an opportunity cost. 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Metaphors In Sonnet 116 - 724 Words

William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 116† illustrates an image of what true love is and what it is not. Through the use of imagery, the speaker defines love as unchanging and persevering, but if it isn’t, then it can’t be considered true love. Although this may be true, the speaker concludes that if he is wrong and is proven so, then his idea of love is false and no man has ever loved. The speaker begins by saying, â€Å"Let me not to the marriage of true minds / Admitimpediments† (1-2). In these lines, the speaker says he won’t impose on two lovers who possess true love for one another and prevent them from marrying. These lines are a play on the words from the Episcopal Book of Common Prayer, â€Å"If any of you know cause or just impediment†,which†¦show more content†¦In the last line, the speaker says love that isn’t real will erase if a person is willing to erase it. But even if they try to stop themselves from loving someone, real love will never disappear, or be removed. Furthermore, the speaker says, â€Å"O no! it is an ever-fixed mark / That looks on tempests and is never shaken† (5-6). In other words, the speaker is saying love isimmovable and withstands even the strongest storms. At this point in the sonnet, the speaker then goes on to explain what he thinks love really is. The overall mood of the poem changes from negative to positive. In the first line, the exclamation of â€Å"O† signifies a change in tone. Thespeaker denies that real love isn’t what he’s proclaimed until this point, but is something different. The ever-fixed mark is the North Star, which served as a guide for sailors on the sea. Like this star, love is a guide and is unmoved by the hands of time. Even though time may pass, true love will stay strong despite changes like physical beauty. Love is never shaken by obstaclesor hindrances that pose as a threat. Like a rock, it’s strong and solid. To conclude, the overall theme of the sonnet is mutual love that is unchanging. The opening remarks of marriage within the first line set the tone and overall meaning of the speaker’s definition of true love by showing how bound lovers are to each other. In Shakespeare’s time, the average life expectancy was 30 to 40 years,Show MoreRelatedComparing And Contrasting Two Sonnets1141 Words   |  5 Pages Comparing and Contrasting Two Sonnets ‘Sonnet 116’ by William Shakespeare and ‘What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, And Where, And Why† by Edna St. Vincent Millay are both sonnets that discuss companionship and a glimpse of each poet’s experiences. In ‘Sonnet 116’, Shakespeare illustrates how capability is weakened by its metaphysical stereotype and ideals such as, love, while on the contrary, in ‘What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, And Where, And Why† Millay feeds on the chaos between the idealRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 116944 Words   |  4 Pages ‘Sonnet 116’ by William Shakespeare and ‘What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, And Where, And Why† by Edna St. Vincent Millay are both sonnets that discuss companionship and a glimpse of the poets’ experiences. In ‘Sonnet 116’, Shakespeare illustrates how capability is weakened by its metaphysical stereotype and ideals such as, love which never seems to wither away according to Shakespeare while on the contrary, in ‘What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, And Where, And Why† Millay feeds on the chaos betweenRead MoreShakespeare Sonnet Compare and Contrast Essay777 Words   |  4 PagesSonnet Compare and Contrast Essay Love can be expressed and described in many different ways. Shakespeare`s sonnets â€Å"116† and â€Å"18† justify that love has the ability to create extremely powerful feelings between two people, which can help them achieve the ultimate sense of happiness. To that end, when people experience true love they live a more joyful and content life. When a person finds love their lives are filled with joy and pleasure that bring true happiness into ones life. In sonnet â€Å"116†Read MoreShakespeare - Sonnet 116 Analysis and Interpretation887 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare – Sonnet 116 Analysis and interpretation Sonnet 116 was written by William Shakespeare and published in 1609. William Shakespeare was an English writer and poet, and has written a lot of famous plays, amongst them Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare lived in the Elizabethan era. At that time, the literature and art was in bloom, and his works are clearly characterized by that era both as language and theme goes. A sonnet is a poem consisting of 14 lines, three quatrainsRead MoreIs Love An Unattainable Ideal? Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagespoints in â€Å"Sonnet 116† and â€Å"Sonnet 138.† Firstly, in â€Å"Sonnet 116†, Shakespeare analyzes love in a rhetorical manner, meaning that he is not discussing a specific relationship of his, but theorizing on the concept of love as a whole, in abstract terms. Conversely, in â€Å"Sonnet 138†, Shakespeare analyzes love in a specific manner. He looks inward to inspect a relationship between him and a woman, also known as The Dark Lady, and paints a much different picture of love than in â€Å"Sonnet 116†, in specificRead MoreImagery in Sonnet 116 by William Shakespeare627 Words   |  3 PagesThe romantic poet William Shakespeare speaks about love in his poem â€Å"Sonnet 116†. He starts out by saying what love is not; love never stops, changes, or dies. He then goes on to tell how love doesn’t termin ate with old age and loss of beauty, it guides people through tough times. Finally, Shakespeare threatens his own reputation by saying, â€Å"If this be error, and upon me proved, I never writ, nor no man ever loved†. The theme of this poem is that love is a truly powerful force that cannot be changedRead MoreThe Beauty Of Love In Shakespeares Sonnet 1161112 Words   |  5 PagesTwo of the most famous sonnets in its entire sequence of its time and modern day, are â€Å"Sonnet 130† and â€Å"Sonnet 116†. Both poems, written by William Shakespeare, revolve around the theme of love. â€Å"Sonnet 130†, compares the imperfect physical attributes of the speaker’s mistress in essence of his extraordinary love for her. â€Å"Sonnet 116†, expresses the speaker’s idea of infinite and genuine love through defining what love is and is not. Throughout both compositions, William Shakespeare communicatesRead MoreClose Reading of Sonnet Essay examp le1391 Words   |  6 PagesClose Reading of Sonnet 116 Written by William Shakespeare 2011 â€Å"Sonnet 116† written by William Shakespeare is focusing on the strength and true power of love. Love is a feeling that sustainable to alterations, that take place at certain points in life, and love is even stronger than a breakup because separation cannot eliminate feelings. The writer makes use of metaphors expressing love as a feeling of mind not just heart as young readers may see it. To Shakespeare love is an immortalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 116981 Words   |  4 Pagesform of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and two narrative poems† (â€Å"The Life of William Shakespeare†). William Shakespeare’s plays, sonnets, and narrative poems are still appreciated and read today. One of his famous works is his sonnet, Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds, which is also referred to as sonnet 116. Sonnet 116 was first published in the year 1609. In his sonnet Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds, Shakespeare’s use of end rhyme, iambic pentameter, and metaphors which allows the readerRead MoreEssay about Copmaring Shakespeares Sonnets 116 and 1471489 Words   |  6 PagesCopmaring Shakespeares Sonnets 116 and 147 Light/Dark. Comfort/Despair. Love/Hate. These three pairs of words manage to sum up William Shakespeares Sonnet 116 and Sonnet 147, while also demonstrating the duality of Shakespeares heart. Sonnet 116 reveals to a careful reader the aspects of Shakespeares concept of what ideal love is. However, Sonnet 147 shows the danger of believing in this ideal form of love. These two sonnets perfectly complement and clarify each other

Lewis Carroll Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Lewis Carroll Argumentative Essay DuPont 1JabberwockyLewis CarrollJabberwocky: Sense or NonsenseTwas brillig, and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe;All mimsy were the borogoves,And the mome raths outgrabe. Beware the Jabberwock, my sonThe jaws that bite, the claws that catch!Beware the Jubjub bird, and shunThe frumious Bandersnatch!He took his vorpal sword in hand;Long time the manxome foe he soughtSo rested he by the Tumtum tree,And stood awhile in thought. And, as in uffish thought he stood,The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame,Came whiffling through the tulgey wood,And burbied as it came!DuPont 2One, two! One, two! And through and throughThe vorpal blade went snicker-snack!He left it dead, and with its headHe went galumphing back. And hast thou slain the Jabberwock?Come to my arms, my beamish boy!O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!He chortled in his joy. Twas brillig, and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe;All mimsy were the borogoves,And the mome raths outgrabe. 1886DuPont 3ParaphraseIn attempting to paraphrase this particular poem it must be considered that it derived from a book written almost purely of nonsense. Many of the words in this poem are the own creation of the author and only he knows the real interpretation. However, some of the words have been described in the book and others in letters by the author. The words of the previous poem are often a combination of two, maybe even three words, all put into one, while others are just nonsense and for the amusement of the reader. All things considered, here is an attempt at a line by line paraphrase of the poem Jabberwocky. Jabberwocky: Sense or NonsenseIt was evening, and the smooth active badgersWere scratching and boring holes in the hill-side;All unhappy were the parrots;And the grave turtles squeaked outBeware of the Jabberwock, my son!Of its jaws that bite, and its claws that catch!Be aware of the Jubjub bird, and shunThe fuming and furious Bandersnatch!He took his mighty sword in hand:For a long time he sought after his enemy from the Isle of Man-So he rested by the Tumtum tree,And stood there a while in thoughtDuPont 4And, as in uffish(a state of mind when the voice is gruffish, the manner roughish and the temper huffish thought he stoodThe Jabberwock, with fire in his eyes,Came blowing unsteadily in short puffs through the tall and foggy wood,And it bleated, murmured, and warbled as it came One, two! One, two! And through and throughThe mighty blade was used in battle!He left it dead, and with its headHe went triumphantly galloping backAnd have you killed the Jabberwock?Come to my arms, my radi ating son!O fabulous and joyous day! Beautiful! Good! Fair!He chuckled and snorted in his joy. It was evening, and the smooth active badgersWere scratching and boring holes in the hill-side;All unhappy were the parrots;And the grave turtles squeaked outDuPont 5Blake DuPontMs. BennerWorld Lit. 2 November 2001Everyone as a child listened to their parents read them fairy tells and tall tales. Whether or not the child understood the story he knew he enjoyed it. Alice in Wonderland is one of the most famous childrens stories. Even though half of the writing did not make sense the reader would still be interested and entertained. To fully understand the writings of Lewis Carroll, a person must look at his past, get opinions from other authors and come to a conclusion on their own whether Carroll was a nonsense writer or gifted childrens writer. To clearly understand Carrolls writing and form their own opinion, one must understand his past. Lewis Carroll, formally Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, was born at Daresbury, Cheshire, on January 27, 1832. His parents were Charles and Frances Dodgson. His father was a clergyman. He was the oldest of 11 children. All through his life he loved to write, and take photographs. He was an English mathematician and writer. Educated at Rugby and Christ Church, Oxford, where he spent the rest of his life(Blake 63). He was deacon in the Church of England, as a child he suffered from a number of physical ailments. As a boy, he was subject to ridicule due to a stammer causing an introverted shyness with his peers. He was also left-handed which was considered a correctable disorder during the Victorian Era. Young Dodgson would work with various specialists to correct both his stammer and his left-hand usage, but the only real lesson he DuPont 6learned was the feeling that something was not right' (Bla ke 65) . He expressed his sense of displacement with the analogy of trying to fit a right-hand foot / into a left-hand shoe (Carroll 189) . These problems caused Dodgson to withdraw from his peers, and, thus, he never quite mastered the art of relating to boys of his age. Humanity And Politics In Gullivers Travels EssayDuPont 11BibliographyBlake, Kathleen Lewis Carroll. Dictionary of Literary Biography. Ed. Ira B. Nadel, William E. Fredeman. Rev. Ed. 18 vols. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1983Carroll, Lewis. Alice in Wonderland. Norton Critical Edition. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1992. Carroll, Lewis, Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000http://encarta.msn.com 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Connell, Kate. Opium as a Possible influence upon Alice Books 22 Mar 2000. The Victorian Web. http://landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/victov.html. Egoff, Sheila A. Worlds Within: Childrens Fantasy from the Middle Ages to Today. Chicago: American Library Association, 1988. Empson, William. Alice in Wonderland: The Child as Swain. 1935. World Literature Criticism, 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1992. 634-35. Sewell, Elizabeth. The Field of Nonsense London: Chatto and Windus LTD., 1952. Smith, Karen Lewis Carroll. Dictionary Literary Biography. Ed. Meena Khorana. Rev. ed. 163 vols. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Inc., 1996

Predictors Of Husband To Wife Violence Essay Example For Students

Predictors Of Husband To Wife Violence Essay Critical Analysis of Journal ArticleArticle: Feldbau-Khon, S., Heyman, R., and OLeary, K. (1998). Major depressive disorder and depressive symptomatology as predictors of husband to wife physical abuse. Violence and Victims, 13, 347-359. IntroductionThe work of Feldbau-Khon, S., Heyman, R., and OLeary, K. is described in the article, ?Major Depressive Disorder and Depressive Symptomatology as Predictors of Husband to Wife Physical Aggression.? The authors tested the link between a husbands depressive symptomatology and the frequency of physical aggression toward his wife. Also tested was the husbands Major Depressive Disorder and the frequency of physical aggression towards his wife. The authors had four hypotheses. 1: Clinically depressed men are more physically aggressive. 2: Depressive symptomatology is associated with frequency of physical aggression. 3: Depressive symptomatology effects on physical aggression are accounted for by other variables. 4: Depressive symptomatology effects on psychological aggression are accounted for by other variables. The study assessed physically aggressive men who volunteered for treatment with their wives. Participants responded to newspaper announcements offering free therapy fo r relationship conflicts. All spouses completed three-hour assessments consisting of structured interviews and self-report measures. Almost one third had moderate levels of depressive symptomatology, but only 11% met the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Although a significant relationship between increased depressive symptomatology and frequency of physical aggression was found, the relationship was most likely accounted for by self- reported anger. WeaknessesOne weakness with this study is the makeup of the sample. The racial composition of the sample was 1.3% Black, 1.3% Asian, and 97% White. No Hispanics were included in the study although Hispanic men are also sometimes very violent to their wives. The sample should have had more diversity, not be made up almost entirely of Whites. Some races are more naturally violent than others are because its part of their culture. Using mostly whites in this study taints it because different depression could be a major factor affecting the physical violence of whites but perhaps not men of other races. Another weakness of this study is that it is never mentioned whether or not any of the subjects were taking any sort of medication. Many types of medications, for example any type Serotonin inhibitor, can affect violent behavior. The fact that the subjects were volunteers raises an issue. The participants responded to an advertisement for free therapy for relationship conflicts. These people wanted help. They were not ordered by the court to obtain therapy. This may suggest that they somehow have a different frame of mind than others who might not seek help, therefore, we cannot make accurate assumptions about the results of the study. Another issue one must take into consideration is that the participants completed a three-hour assessment for which they were not being paid for. They could have become tired, annoyed, bored, or frustrated. This could have affected their answers to the questions asked in the interview to determine whether or not they had MDD. They could also have not been revealing their true selves in the self-report. The interviews were conducted by grad students and a research assistant, not by the actual researchers or by doctors. There is a possibility they could have overlooked things a professional with more experience would have caught. Strengths of the ArticleOne of the strengths of this article is that it stresses the possibility of outside factors affecting the physical violence. An example of this kind of variable is self-reported anger. A relationship where one person is depressed may in fact be a very chaotic relationship where anger and frustration can result in violence. In this case, the violence is may not be a direct result of the depression; instead it may result from the anger and frustration or marital discord that may accompany depression. The study recognizes that there are other factors of life that can affect the physical violence. ConclusionAlthough the study has its weaknesses, it is still a valuable learning tool. The study is consistent with other studies that have emphasized the role of anger in regard to husband-to-wife physical aggression. Much more research still has to be done to better understand the connection between MDD and husband-to-wife physical aggression. With every study performe d, we come closer to realizing the true connection between the two. .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704 , .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704 .postImageUrl , .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704 , .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704:hover , .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704:visited , .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704:active { border:0!important; } .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704:active , .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u00a74116c992857d01 479d57e6b2b704 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u00a74116c992857d01479d57 e6b2b704 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704 .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u00a74116c992857d01479d57e6b2b704:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mr Peter Van Essay

Maths Statistic Coursework Essay Example

Maths Statistic Coursework Essay I have been given the task of finding what affects the price of a used car, using a spreadsheet given to me displaying data on a hundred cars with data on about each car. The data on the cars were: (See Spreadsheet 1)Make Model Price When NewUsed Price Age ColourEngine Size Fuel Type MPGMileage Service OwnersLength of MOT Tax (Months left) Insurance GroupDoors (Amount) Style Central LockingSeats Gearbox Air ConditioningAirbagsImmediately from looking at those categories I omitted colour, fuel, service, doors, style, central locking, seats, gearbox, air conditioning and airbags. I omitted this data because it is of a low range of contains words, these would be hard to show on graphs and would show me little evidence of what affects a used car price.E.g. Colour: Cannot produce a scatter graph as it uses words.Seats: Has a range of 2-5 and would produce poor scatter graphs and would be hard to find a direct relationship on.Then from the remaining categories I picked age, insurance group , MPG, mileage and of course used price, as this is what I was investigating. It then dawned one me that I could use the depreciation price, the price when I took the used price away from the new, this perhaps could be a more accurate look at the data as some cars depreciate quicker than others. Looking further into that work I decided against it as it would take longer and time was of the essence, but this was perhaps an extension that could be added on at the end.Reasons Why* Age: Has a large range and would be interesting to see what sort of relationship there is* Insurance Group: Again a wide range.* MPG: Grouped data could be used on cumulative frequency graph and has quite a large range.* Mileage: Huge range and a definite effecter of used price but would be interesting to exactly how much.SampleI was given 100 cars but to investigate this would be very time consuming so I would have to bring that number down. In the end I chose to do a 40 car sample as it is a round number, l ower than 100 but still big enough to display a fair representation of the data supplied.Sampling MethodNow Ive decided how big I need my sample, I know have to decide how I will sample. There are two main methods random or stratified, eventually I want to try both but for now I will use a random sample. To do this I will use the random number function on my calculator.I press the random number button and a 3 decimal place number is displayed, I then picked the first 2 numbers and used this as my sampling method. If a number was repeated I ignored it and chose again.EG.Random produced number 0.311 so I chose car number 31Random produced number 0.981 so I chose car number 91Using this sampling method I chose my first group of cars. They ended up being numbers.1 2 4 5 7 8 15 16 17 18 21 22 24 26 27 31 32 35 37 38 44 51 53 63 65 67 68 70 71 73 76 77 83 86 91 95 96 97 98 98From these car numbers I made a table with all the data on the cars above thats I needed such as used price, MPG an d mileage. (See Spreadsheet 2)From this data I complied for scatter graphs on:* Age against used price* MPG against used price* Mileage against used price* Insurance group against used priceI used scatter graphs as they will display relationships between the data, which is why used price is in everyone. A scatter graph will also give me the ability to put a line of best fit in giving me the ability to predict future data.Predictions* For age I believe there will be a very strong negative correlation as the older the car gets the lower the price.* For MPG I believe there will be a weak positive correlation as the higher the MPG the higher the price but I believe it doesnt affect it that much.* For mileage I believe there will be a very strong negative correlation as the mileage increases the price will decrease.* For insurance group I believe there will be a weak negative correlation as the higher the insurance group the price will decrease but not by much.As you can see from my pred ictions I believe that mileage will affect used price the most while insurance group will affect it the least from the ones I chose.See scatter graphs 1, 2, 3 and 4.Conclusions of Random Sampling.As you can see some of my predictions were right while others werent.* Age was a big effecter of price and had quite a strong negative correlation as I predicted.* MPG again had a very strong negative correlation showing it did affect price a lot, which I predicted wrongly.* Mileage had quite a strong negative correlation but not very strong as I said. It shows mileage affects price but only to a degree by the shape of the graph it appears a curved line of best fit would suite it better but I shall leave that to that.* Insurance group did have a positive correlation and quite a strong one at that, showing as the insurance group went up so did used price.ObservationsAs you can see on all of the graphs there are pieces of data that are way of the lines of best fit and away from the rest of th e data. I purposely kept this data in as it gives me a valid reason to do another sampling method. This data can be called anomalies as they differ from the rest of the data. I could cut this data out to make the sample fairer but then it wouldnt be a true random sample.With these observations made I can say a few things of what affects used car prices but now I shall move on and use a stratified sample and see if the data is more reliable.StratifiedA stratified sample is one where all the data has been put into an order and then a then picked out. For my stratified sample I have ordered them by mileage and then grouped the mileage and picked 40% from each group. This ensures I get 40 cars again so I can evenly compare the random and stratified samples.The mileage groups were. 0-50005000-10,00010,000-20,00020,000-40,00040,000-70,00070,000-110,000With these sorted I took 40% at random from each group and ended up with this. I ensured it was random by drawing numbers out of a hat resp ective to the numbers of the car, I then noted that number and placed in back in so each time the chance of drawing a single card was equal and didnt change. If I drew the same one twice I simply ignored that, placed it back in and redrew. (See Spreadsheet 3)If actually counted there are 41 cars. As 40 and 41 are very close, rather than tamper with any results which could make them biased I simply left them.From this data I then compiled scatter graphs on them just as before.Predictions* Age, I believe that there will be a strong negative correlation as there was before but as this is supposedly a more reliable sample it should be more evident.* MPG, I believe there will be a strong negative correlation as there was before but should be more evident due to sample being more reliable.* Mileage should have a strong negative correlation due to reasons above.* Insurance group should have a strong positive correlation due to reasons mentioned above.See graphs 5,6,7 and 8.Conclusions on S tratified Sampling.As you can see some very strange results came up.* Age showed the very strong negative correlation as I said there would be.* MPG showed a strong negative correlation as well as I said.* Mileage proved very weird. The data was in two groups basically one showing high mileage and low price while the other low mileage and low price. From this I can deduce that the mileage is a limiting factor of used price.* Insurance group showed no correlation with data all over the place, show perhaps my random sample was a mishap and in fact insurance has no relationship or very little with used price.ObservationsCorrelations were generally a lot tighter showing that stratified sampling alleviates anomalous data but can provide strange results, such as mileage for example. This result however may not be wrong but in fact right and the random results were wrong. To find out this I shall become more specific and look at another way of representing data.HistogramsAfter some thought a great way of comparing two sets of data and in a visual manner would be a histogram.To make a histogram I would have to group the mileages this however was easy as I shall take the groups I did for my stratifying of the data.The mileage groups were. 0-50005000-10,00010,000-20,00020,000-40,00040,000-70,00070,000-110,000I then made a tally chart with the groups and both random and stratified data.RandomMileage GroupTallyFrequency0-500015000-10,000110,000-20,000520,000-40,0001440,000-70,0001970,000-110,0002StratifiedMileage GroupTallyFrequency0-500015000-10,000210,000-20,000420,000-40,0001140,000-70,0001870,000-110,0005Then to construct a histogram I would have to work out the frequency density to go on the horizontal axis, this is worked out by.Frequency Density = FrequencyGroup WidthSo I ended up with this.Mileage GroupFrequencyFrequency Density.0-500011/5000=0.00025000-10,00011/5000=0.000210,000-20,00055/10,000=0.000520,000-40,0001414/20,000=0.000740,000-70,0001919/30,000-0.00063 70,000-110,00022/40,000=0.00005RandomMileage GroupFrequencyFrequency Density.0-500011/5000=0.00025000-10,00011/5000=0.000210,000-20,00055/10,000=0.000520,000-40,0001414/20,000=0.000740,000-70,0001919/30,000-0.0006370,000-110,00022/40,000=0.00005StratifiedMileage GroupFrequencyFrequency Density.0-500011/5000=0.00025000-10,00011/5000=0.000210,000-20,00055/10,000=0.000520,000-40,0001414/20,000=0.000740,000-70,0001919/30,000-0.0006370,000-110,00022/40,000=0.00005Mileage GroupFrequencyFrequency Density0-500011/5000=0.00025000-10,00022/5000=0.000410,000-20,00044/10,000=0.000420,000-40,0001111/20,000=0.0005540,000-70,0001818/30,000=0.000670,000-110,00055/40,000=0.000125Predictions* I predict that the random histogram will have a much more erratic distribution of car mileage while the stratified distribution will be more of bell shape displaying the majority in the mid range with low or no extreme values displayed.I then proceeded to draw the graphs.See Graphs 9, 10 and 11Results* As seen o n the two histograms there are some slight differences. The spread of the random sample is a little more erratic and uneven than that of the more bell shaped graph the stratified data shows. From this you could deduce that the stratified sample is a more reliable source of data than a random sample.* From individual graphs you can see that the majority of the cars are around the 20,000 to 60,000 miles range in both the random and stratified samples. Standard deviation could perhaps tell me which sample is more accurate so that could be an extension to the work done.* I mentioned a bell shape graph before. By this I mean one, which slowly goes up to a peak then reduces down, with the majority of the data displayed in the middle and only some or no data displayed in the highest and lowest areas.However from the histograms I did not find any reasoning behind the weird shaped and correlated stratified scatter graph. Further investigation into this could prove interesting.Overall Conclus ionFrom all the work carried out above you can clearly see that many different things affect used car prices and some more than others. You could say that the different categories are limiting factors and a culmination of these results in the depreciation of a cars price.As a further investigation I would look into the strange scatter graph produced by my stratified mileage sample. Perhaps using standard deviation or other data representation methods I could find out why it is so peculiar. I could also look at how one category affects another such as engine size and mileage or engine size and MPG and find a relationship between those. There are many more aspects that I could of considered but however from the work Ive done there are things that are certainly clear.

Essay Examples For Graduate Program

Essay Examples For Graduate ProgramWhen you're considering the best essay samples for graduate program in your college or university, you need to understand the different types of essays. The structure of a thesis is different from the structure of a research paper. Knowing which type of paper to write is the most important part of writing your own college or university essay.Essays are a way for students to express their opinion on an academic subject in the form of a text. Essays provide a way for students to express their thoughts and opinions about various subjects in a well written and organized manner. There are three main types of essays. These are: thesis, dissertations, and research papers.A thesis is when a student is going through the steps of his/her research. For example, someone might be writing about a certain subject they researched for their thesis. Thesis papers typically have a number of parts. Some of these parts may include an introduction, chapter and at least o ne conclusion.Dissertations are where the student provides a piece of work that deals with a certain topic. Dissertations deal with an entire subject. Dissertations provide the student with a scholarly study and may not be submitted in time for an essay deadline.Research papers are pieces of written work on a specific topic, but differ from thesis and dissertations in many ways. Research papers are usually longer than dissertations. Research papers are also more involved and require more research. A research paper might also have a beginning, middle, and an end.One of the most common types of essays is research paper. Research papers are a great way to get your professor's attention if you're not confident in your skills as a writer. Writing research papers will give you a better understanding of the process and the business of research. It's not too difficult to write a research paper as long as you are clear and concise.It's important to note that all types of essay samples for gr aduate program come in different forms. For example, thesis and research papers are two different styles of essay. Dissertations are one style of essay, but it can also be a dissertation. Some of the most common styles of essay include thesis, dissertations, and research papers.Before you write a paper, it's important to determine what type of paper you want to write. There are some styles that are considered 'traditional' and others that are 'modern.' Take into consideration how much research you want to do and the style you want to write your paper in. Choose the type of paper that fits your personality and goals and start writing!

The Application of Seven Communication Traditions

The Application of Seven Communication Traditions The Phenomenological Tradition It is a theory that deals with personal experience. People have a way of interpreting the things around them and coming up with a formidable experience (Griffin 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Application of Seven Communication Traditions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The attributes can develop even from the time a person is young (Adler Rodman 2003). After examining things and testing them, then one can make a personal judgment. ‘An example of personal experience is about love’ (Littlejohn Foss 2011, p.75). One can understand love by personally experiencing it. One can also gain this experience from the level of contact with something or people determine the meaning it represents to someone (Adler Rodman 2003). Language also becomes the most important vehicle for learning. It has a way of developing meanings to certain things. People experience the world b ecause of the way language expresses it to be. ‘There are things that people know because of the associated labels’ (Griffin 2009, p.210). For instance, when one buys goods that may be in a box, there are labels that indicate which side should face up (Adler Rodman 2003). For other goods, there are even labels that help the user to know which part to open. ‘The way a person interprets a message is central to the already available perception or phenomenological thought’ (Littlejohn Foss 2011, p.73). The thoughts to interpret some message become active whenever similar messages are available. It is then the process of going back to the previous personal experience and using it to interpret the present information (Craig Muller 2007). The Classical Phenomenology expresses truth through direct experience. For some information or something to be entirely true, then one has to put away any biases (Craig Muller 2007). The phenomenology of perception clarifies that people know things only because of their personal relationships to those things. In as much as the world affects people, so do people affect the world through their personal knowledge (Macnamara 2013). Hermeneutic phenomenology adds communication to this definition. It is the words and languages that cause things to have a different meaning in life (Griffin 2009). The Quitline Services Campaign is a progressive way that the government is using to reduce and or stop people from smoking (Miller 2005). The smokers can have time to talk to the campaign officials about their feelings. They can also have time to listen to what others have gone through and decide if they want to remain the same or change their behaviors.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The campaign can establish a means through which the people can assist each other through dialogue and personal as sistance to colleagues to encourage quitting (Craig Muller 2007). They can also have a forum through which the people can be writing their personal experience through social networks and the website. The Cybernetic tradition A family is not just a collection of individuals related by blood (Macnamara 2013). A family has an organized system of relating with each other. There are ways in which they interact with one another and influence each other towards making certain decisions (Craig Muller 2007). They have a way in which they communicate with family members to pass a specific message in a specific way. There are also changes that happen within and to the family after some time. They make things to change and people to behave in a certain way. Cybernetics is, therefore, the tradition of complex systems whereby the complex elements influence one another (Griffin 2009). There is the involvement of physical and biological processes. Some behavioral and social attributes also contri bute to cybernetics (Struever 2009). A system results from the contribution of very many others parts that form together something that is more than the collection of the initial parts. In a system, there is the aspect of interdependence that binds the parts together (Craig Muller 2007). One part must rely on the service of the other to make a reasonable impact. Systems also have the attribute of self-regulation and control. The reason for doing so is to maintain stability and to succeed in attains the desired goals. ‘The system can be complex and highly adaptable’ (Craig Muller 2007, p.280). When passing information, the government needs to ensure that the piece of information is highly influential so that it can erode the previous perspective no matter how strong it is (Griffin 2009). The government must not ignore the social and culture factors because they form a system that needs direct attention (Adler Rodman 2003). It may not be the best method to address indi vidual smokers, but it can be a way to form new habits in the smokers. The government can develop a new culture in the reforming and reformed smokers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Application of Seven Communication Traditions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Sociopsychological Tradition Every individual has different parts of the body that come together to make whole human beings. The interactions between these individual parts are what makes one a whole person. The same applies to the human being (Craig Muller 2007). One cannot become a solitary being without being part of a certain family, community, and or a country. The social interaction between these people is what binds them together. Persons are entities with characteristics that lead them to behave in independent ways. Most of the sociopsychological theories are cognitive. They offer guidance on how people process information (Adler Rodman 2003 ). The human mind is so powerful that it has the capability of grasping, accommodating, and changing information to make the individual to adapt to certain kind of behavior (Struever 2009). Communication scientists are still in a dilemma as to how the human mind functions. They are still doing research to come up with clear explanation. The tradition has three branches that include the behavioral, the cognitive, and the biological (Craig Muller 2007). The behavioral theories concentrate on how people behave in communication situations. There is a relationship between what one says and what one does. It guarantees repetition of behavior if there is a reward that motivates them and helps the to continue the way one behaves. The cognitive theory focuses on the patterns of thought. It is how people, acquire, store, and process information that leads to a certain behavior. The mental operations also control what one does (Griffin 2009). The biological scientists have come to believe tha t most of what people do result from the biological traits. They may not come from learning or any situational factors (Adler Rodman 2003). Dissonance can help the smoker to stop smoking. The government can find some explanations on how to make these people remodel their thoughts towards smoking (Littlejohn Foss 2011). The government can find some psychologists to work with the team so that they can understand the individual smokers before engaging them in the desired change (Adler Rodman 2003). The Sociocultural Tradition It is a tradition that puts more emphasize on the identity of a person (Adler Rodman 2003). Every individual belongs to a certain group of people.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One may be a student, a Christian, a Muslim, and a Hispanic (Craig Muller 2007). The sociocultural approaches theory appeal to the understanding of the people, their norms, and rules. They engage the people as belonging to a given culture. Community or Society comes from some connections that include communication. It is the social interactions that enable people to make meanings of things (Miller 2005). Smokers would always find a way to communicate. When they share cigarettes, they begin relationships that go a long way. Sometimes when they meet they start discussing events and matters that concern their colleagues (Carey 2009). The government can use such interactions to build new relationships and pass a strong message. Because they keep meeting other smokers during their daily routines, the message can spread far and wide (Pernot 2009). Another way is to put them into groups (Carey 2009). One group can comprise of the smokers who are unable to stop smoking because of their per sonal choice. The second one can include those who volunteer to quit smoking (Griffin 2009). Another group can be for those who have quitted and many more (Struever 2009). It would depend on how they categorize them. Those who have quit can be useful in government adverts giving others ideas on how to quit and live a healthy life (Craig Muller 2007). The Critical Tradition Critical communication theory supports the tradition by coming up with the message that gives direction on how to control tobacco (Carey 2009). It also provides messages that would reach out to the smokers to make them stop doing so. The Critical political economy theory gives the governing bodies like the governments the upper hand in stopping the habit (Littlejohn Foss 2011). In short, the government is the one with all the power and, therefore, it can control it the way it seems well. However, it must use its moral obligation in a way that it promotes good health and peace (Adler Rodman 2003). The government can use its power in a positive way to help, support, and manage the menace. It has the available media channel to do its work (Pernot 2009). Through the media, they can construct and spread new and important ideas to the people (Carey 2009). They can use symbols and pictures to force the smokers to let go of their habit. The smokers may think that they are making their personal choice (Griffin 2009). However, most of the tobacco companies have resources to counter what the government does so that they can stay relevant (Craig Muller 2007). They may challenge the government’s decision through their messages and advertisements through the same media. It is upon the government and its agencies to put forward a forceful message (Carey 2009). The Rhetorical Tradition The theory dates back to very many years I the Greek history. It has to do with using words without putting emphasize on the action that somebody should take (Littlejohn Foss 2011). Sometimes it can relate to what politicians do when they are looking for votes. It can relate to public speaking, teaching, and even preaching (Littlejohn Foss 2011). It originally was important for persuasion (Craig Muller 2007). It was an art that involved putting arguments into constructive sense and making the speech. Later it became the process of adjusting ideas to people and people to ideas. It is the human symbol. Due to adjustments, it has now evolved to include the use of symbols to affect others (Carey 2009). It focuses more on the speaker and the way the speaker says things rather what they say (Pernot 2009). The health sector may use benevolent rhetoric to help people improve their health. People, therefore, believe that the intention of the user is good (Adler Rodman 2003). There is also conversion rhetoric that can become useful to change the attitude of the people towards something (Adler Rodman 2003). It is the way the preacher or the motivational speaker can engage people to help them choose a superior position over what they have been doing (Craig Muller 2007). It could be the best method that the government can use (Struever 2009). But faced with the anticipated reaction from the smokers, it could only make matters worse (Carey 2009). There are people who would still listen and think that the information is helpful to them. Sometimes a good speech by an influential person like an opinion leader can make a difference. It is upon the government and the government agencies to formulate the policies that would guide the way forward. Some family members can be very helpful. References Adler, R Rodman, G 2003, Understanding human communication, Oxford University Press, New York. Carey, J 2009, Communication as culture, Routledge, New York. Craig, R Muller, H 2007, Theorising communication: readings across traditions, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California. Griffin, E 2009, A first look at communication theory. 7th ed. McGraw Hill, New York. Littlejohn, S Foss, K 2011, Theories of human communication. 10th ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California. Macnamara, J 2013, The 21st century media revolution: emergent communication practices. 2nd ed. Peter Lang, New York. Miller, K 2005, Communication theories: perspectives, processes and contexts. 2nd ed. McGraw Hill, Boston. Pernot, L 2009, New chapters in the history of rhetoric, Brill, Leiden. Struever, N 2009, The history of rhetoric and the rhetoric of history, Ashgate, Farnham.